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practicing without a license
Practicing without a license is the act of working without the licensure offered for that occupation, in a particular jurisdiction.〔Springhouse Corporation. (2004) ''Nurse's legal handbook.'' Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 9781582552804〕 Most activities that require licensure also have penalties for practicing without a valid, current license.〔Galaty, Fillmore W. et al. (2001) ''Modern Real Estate Practice in Illinois.'' Dearborn Trade Publishing, ISBN 9780793142576〕 In some jurisdictions, a license is offered but not required for some professions.〔("Practicing Your Profession In Oregon Without a License, Legally and Ethically" ) Oregon Unlicensed Practitioners, December 6, 2014〕
==Types==
Fields where practicing without a license may carry civil or criminal penalties include lawyer, physician, physician assistant, surgeon, coroner, medical examiner, paramedic, funeral director, osteopath, chiropractor, dentist, pharmacist, engineer, pilot, broadcasting, nurse, veterinarian, midwife, teacher, psychologist, surveyor, detective, social worker, architect, barber, hairdresser, electrologist, tattooist, cosmetologist, real estate agent, plumber, florist, accountant, and masseuse. If a person offering their services is licensed in one of these professions, any member of the public has a right to know if that person is validly licensed or not by the licensing authority. Anyone who claims to have a license and refuses to identify themselves properly by first and last name can possibly lose any one or all of their licenses. In many jurisdictions, it is illegal for service providers to hide their identities for purposes of making it difficult to verify licensure and past disciplinary actions or license violations.
License requirements vary widely with jurisdiction, sometimes even within a single country. Practicing a professional discipline without a license may be perfectly legal in some jurisdictions. For example, nine U.S. states have passed health freedom laws that protect alternative practitioners such as herbalists from prosecution for "practicing medicine without a license."〔("Health Freedom Laws Passed" ) National Health Freedom Coalition, 2014〕 In the area of mental health, Oregon offers broad licensing exemptions for professional counselors and marriage and family therapists, allowing people to practice these professions either with or without a license.〔 Colorado requires registration but not licensing for psychotherapists.〔("An Historical Overview of CAPS Legislative Activities" ) Colorado Association of Psychotherapists, 2013〕 Other states also have exemptions or registration requirements instead of, or in addition to licensing for some professions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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